Reduced signal propagation elicited by frontal transcranial magnetic stimulation is associated with oligodendrocyte abnormalities in treatment-resistant depression
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) has been established in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD), suggesting that alterations in signal propagation from the left dlPFC to other brain regions may be linked to the pathophysiology of TRD. Alterations at the cellular level, including dysfunction of oligodendrocytes, may contribute to these network abnormalities. The objectives of the present study were to compare signal propagation from the left dlPFC to other neural networks in patients with TRD and healthy controls. We used TMS combined with electroencephalography to explore links between cell-specific gene expression and signal propagation in TRD using a virtual-histology approach. METHODS: We examined source-level estimated signal propagation from the left dlPFC to the 7 neural networks in 60 patients with TRD and 30 healthy controls. We also calculated correlations between the interregional profiles of altered signal propagation and gene expression for 9 neural cell types derived from the Allen Human Brain Atlas data set. RESULTS: < 0.000001). LIMITATIONS: These results show only part of the pathophysiology of TRD, because stimulation was limited to the left dlPFC. CONCLUSION: Reduced signal propagation from the left dlPFC to the salience network may represent a pathophysiological endophenotype of TRD; this finding may be associated with reduced expression of oligodendrocytes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".