Pollen-spore assemblages of the Navarro Group (Maastrichtian) of Texas, USA: biostratigraphical and palaeoecological significance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Diverse assemblages of spore–pollen floras are present in all formations in the Navarro Group (Maastrichtian) in outcrops of the Austin Section and the subsurface Frio Section. The stratigraphic ranges and relative abundance of spore, pollen, dinoflagellate cysts and acritarchs were used to establish four biozones (A, B, C and D). Biozone A corresponds to the undifferentiated Neylandville Marl–Nacatoch Sand Formation; Biozone B corresponds to the Corsicana Marl Formation; Biozone C corresponds to the lower half of the Kemp Clay Formation; and Biozone D corresponds to the upper half of the Kemp Clay Formation. Biozonal boundaries do not always correspond to formation boundaries. Biozones A, B, C and D of the Austin section are correlated with the subsurface Frio section. The zonal boundaries based on spore–pollen distribution in the Austin and the Frio sections correlate well with the timelines established in these two sections based on dinoflagellate cysts and acritarchs. All Navarro Group formations except the Olmos were deposited in marine environments ranging from intertidal to outer shelf. Olmos Formation sediments were deposited in a range of coastal terrestrial environments with occasional minor influences of the sea. Three transgressive phases (T1, T2 and T3) separated by four regressive phases (R1, R2, R3 and R4) are recognized. During the Maastrichtian the floral composition in Texas changed from predominantly pteridophytic and bryophytic in the early Maastrichtian to predominantly angiospermous flora in the middle and late Maastrichtian. Tropical to subtropical climates prevailed in Texas throughout the Maastrichtian but highland regions such as Llano Uplift and nearby Marathon and Arbuckle Mountains were cooler regions with a temperate to sub–temperate climate. The upper part of the Navarro Group records a gradual cooling trend suggested by the dominance of temperate angiosperm pollen taxa.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".