Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in seven provinces of Chinese mainland: A cross-sectional survey from 2015 to 2016
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The large-scale survey about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) based on both population and hospitals in the Chinese mainland has been deficient at present. To this end, we conducted a cross-sectional survey about ALS based on the population and hospitals in seven provinces of the Chinese mainland in 2015-2016. Methods: We surveyed patients with ALS in seven provinces in eastern, middle, and western China. Among them, 13 prefecture-level cities, 13 municipal districts, 13 counties, 26 streets, 52 communities, 39 towns, and 78 administrative villages were selected for the population-based survey. Totally, 13 class-3 general hospitals, 13 class-2 general hospitals, and 26 street health centers or community health service centers in urban districts, and 13 county-level general hospitals, 39 township health centers, and 78 village clinics in rural districts were recruited for the hospital-based survey. Results: Among the Chinese mainland, the total prevalence of ALS was slightly lower than that of the world's other nations or districts. The male patients were more than female patients. The prevalence of rural residents was more than that of urban residents. The prevalence of farmers was higher than that of other professions. The majority of ALS was not accompanied by other chronic diseases. The peak onset age of ALS was higher, familial ALS (fALS) cases were slightly more, and the average survival duration of sporadic ALS (sALS) was slightly lower compared with the previous investigation data. The hospitalization expenses of almost 60% of ALS were not more than 10,000 Chinese Yuan. Conclusion: Hospitalization expenses in our survey objectives were the lowest in the current reported countries and districts. A farmer was a possible higher risk profession for ALS, the majority of ALS were not accompanied by other chronic diseases. Our survey provided more information on the epidemiology of ALS worldwide and supplied the deficiency of epidemiology survey about ALS from the Chinese mainland.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".