A Review of the Nearctic Fern-Feeding Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidoidea), with New Host Records and Larval Descriptions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The North American sawflies (Hymenoptera) occurring north of Mexico with larvae feeding on ferns (Polypodiopsida) are reviewed. They include the introduced European stipe borer Heptamelus dahlbomi (Thomson) (Heptamelidae) and 21 external feeders in the tribes Aneugmenini and Strongylogastrini (Tenthredinidae: Selandriinae). Host and distribution records are summarized for each species, and descriptions of larvae are provided where available. The first USA records are given for the introduced Palearctic species Strongylogaster macula (Klug) (previously known from Canada). New host records include: Athyrium asplenioides var. angustum (Willd.) T. Moore (Athyriaceae) for Aneugmenus flavipes (Norton), S. macula, and Thrinax albidopicta (Norton); Onoclea sensibilis L. (Onocleaceae) for S. impressata Provancher; and Osmunda claytoniana L. (Osmundaceae) for S. polita Cresson. A list of fern species and their sawfly associates is provided, including descriptions of unidentified larvae.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".