Unlocking the evolution of abdominal specializations in <i>Luciuranus</i> fireflies (Coleoptera, Lampyridae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Understanding the evolution of genitalic traits and their co‐evolution between sexes is at the core of Evolutionary Biology. Cross‐species reproductive trait co‐variation can be the outcome of hybrid avoidance and/or sexual selection. Although the outcome of these two phenomena will look similar, they yield distinct patterns of species co‐occurrence. Partial or complete syntopy—but not allopatry—among species is expected to lead to hybrid avoidance strategies. Conversely, sexual selection is involved in genitalic evolution regardless of co‐occurrence with closely related species. The genus Luciuranus Silveira, Khattar & Mermudes, 2016 includes eight species of fireflies endemic to the Atlantic forest. Among these, five feature species‐specific morphology of the male and female terminalia suggest a clamping mechanism, while the remaining three species have similar terminalia across species. The evolutionary history of Luciuranus and its putative clamping mechanism remains unknown. Furthermore, the female internal morphology, which could provide insight into the biology of these poorly known fireflies, was never studied. Here, we combine morphology (55 characters) and DNA sequences ( COI , 16S ) and analyse them through probabilistic criteria to provide the first total evidence phylogeny of Luciuranus . We show that the acquisition of the abdominal modifications in Luciuranus was stepwise, becoming increasingly more complex. Moreover, maximum likelihood‐based ancestral state reconstructions show that male terminalia co‐evolved with female abdominal morphology in Luciuranus . Given the total allopatry among species, it is likely that lineage‐specific sexual selection on mating behaviour, instead of hybrid avoidance through natural selection, has shaped the unique abdominal morphologies of Luciuranus species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".