Does sex impact outcomes after mitral valve surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The published literature investigating the impact of sex on outcomes after mitral valve (MV) surgery has demonstrated inferior outcomes for females over males. However, the true relationship between sex and outcomes after MV surgery continues to be poorly understood. MATERIALS: PubMed, Medline, and Embase were systematically searched for articles published from 1 January 2005 to 1 August 2021. This systematic review included retrospective and prospective studies investigating the relationship between sex and outcomes after MV surgery. In all, 2068 articles were initially screened and 12 studies were included in this review. RESULTS: Few studies were adequately powered or structured to investigate this topic. Few studies propensity matched patients or isolated for surgical approach. In individual studies, females experienced increased rates of short-term and long-term mortality and increased 1-year mortality in the pooled data. Males experienced increased rates of required pacemaker insertion. The remaining rates of morbidity and mortality did not differ significantly between males and females. CONCLUSIONS: This review identified increased rates of 1-year mortality in the pooled data for females, while males had increased rates of pacemaker insertion. Despite this, the absence of propensity matching and isolating for surgical approach has introduced confounding variables that impair the ability of the included studies to interpret the results found in the current literature. Studies isolating for surgical approach, propensity matching patients, and examining outcomes with long-term follow-up are required to elucidate the true nature of this relationship.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.028 | 0.161 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it