Introduction to the Special Issue on Police Legitimacy with a Focus on Ethnic–Racial Minorities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This special issue examines the study of legitimacy with a focus on racial–ethnic minority relationships in criminal justice system. The violent and senseless death of George Floyd in the United States on 25 May 2020 has galvanized the recent international Black Lives Matter movement and represented one of the many tragedies in the history of the global racialized criminal justice system, Canada included. The criminal justice system of Canada has a disturbing and problematic history of oppression and colonialism. Against this historical backdrop, however, Canada has been able to develop its own research on a number of key themes, voice these concerns on scientific grounds, and pave its own way towards a more inclusive multicultural future. The special issue is part of the efforts during the extraordinary circumstances of the Covid-19 pandemic, which witnessed a short invocation of police emergency powers in Ottawa.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".