«Evil for evil to die»: punishments of the ancient russian bishops (experience of a church judge of the XI - beginning of the XIV centuries)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
With all the attention of Russian historiography to the life of ancient Russian bishops, the problem of punishing bishops did not often attract the attention of researchers. If there was any interest in the noted topic, it was mainly within the framework of individual plots. However, a comprehensive consideration of the problem of punishment of ancient Russian bishops of the XI - the first quarter of the XIV was not carried out. Meanwhile, an analysis of the sources allows us to conclude that, for all the height of their ministry, the ancient Russian bishops not only regularly found themselves in the face of various courts, but were also subjected to various punishments, both ecclesiastical and those that took place in the practice of Byzantium and Russia. Within the framework of the presented article, an attempt was made to systematize the various punishments applied to bishops in the 11th - first quarter of the 14th centuries. The author comes to the conclusion that, despite their high status, the ancient Russian bishops were regularly subjected to various punishments. These punishments were not always fair. However, we can confidently say that the legal culture within the church was explained by the strong influence of Byzantine legal traditions. From a canonical point of view, punishments were far from always justified. But even in this case, the Old Russian scribes perceived them as corresponding to the realities of Old Russian reality and even fair.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.019 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".