Lightweight and flexible bismuth oxide composite with enhanced <scp>x‐ray</scp> shielding efficiency
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Lead‐based shielding materials are commonly used to protect clinical personnel and patients from high energy x‐ray radiations. However, the toxicity and heavy weight of lead can result in serious health concerns and limit its applications. Alternatively, polymer composites are known as one of the potential candidates to shield high energy photons. Herein, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposites are fabricated using different weight percentages (wt.%) of bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ) and multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanoparticles. The mechanical strength of nanocomposites is evaluated by Instron 5548 Micro Tester. Also, x‐ray shielding properties are characterized using continuous x‐ray energies from 60 to 90 keV. To study the effect of the nanocomposite structure on mechanical and shielding properties, multilayer nanocomposites in 2 to 5 layers are also fabricated with alternately PDMS/Bi 2 O 3 and PDMS/MWCNT layers and are characterized by the same methods. The 5‐layer nanocomposite improves the mechanical strength from 1.7 MPa in neat PDMS to 4.68 MPa. It is also capable of attenuating 89% of the scattered x‐rays generated at a tube potential of 60 keV, with a weight advantageous in comparison with pure lead.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it