124 The Acute Effects of Supplementing a Meat-Based Diet with a Combination of Creatine, Carnitine and Choline, Taurine or Methionine on Post-Prandial Plasma Creatine and Creatinine Concentrations in Dogs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Creatine is an essential nitrogenous compound for cellular energy homeostasis in vertebrates. It is synthesized from the methylation of guanidinoacetate, a metabolite of arginine and glycine. Creatine is found in animal protein, however, when heat-processed for pet food, the creatine content decreases dramatically and creatinine is formed. Previous data from this study have been presented, however, the current objective was to define the postprandial plasma creatine and creatinine response in dogs fed a commercial meat-based diet (CON), top-dressed with a combination of creatine, carnitine and choline (CCC) or other nutrients involved in methyl metabolism, methionine (MET) or taurine (TAU). The control diet contained 0.195 g/kg creatine and 0.563 g/kg creatinine on an as-fed basis. Eight adult Beagles were fed one of the four diets for 7 days in a Latin Square design. On day 7, dogs had cephalic catheters placed and a series of blood samples were collected at fasted and up to 6 hours post-meal. Creatine and creatinine were analyzed using HPLC and data analyzed using Proc Glimmix in SAS (Version 9.4). Plasma creatine concentrations were greater in dogs fed CCC (103±10 µmol/L) compared with MET (72±7 µmol/L) at fasted (P< 0.05) and greater compared with all other treatments from 15 to 360 minutes post-meal (P< 0.05), with a peak concentration of 735±74 µmol/L at 90 min. Plasma creatinine concentrations were greater in dogs fed CCC from 60 to 180 min post-meal compared to all other treatments (P< 0.05), with a peak concentration of 223±13 µmol/L at 90 min. Both peak concentrations were outside of established reference ranges in dogs. These data suggest that when creatine is top-dressed for 7 days, plasma creatine remains increased at fasted and up to 6 hours post-meal, while plasma creatinine remains increased up to 3 hours post-meal, which has implications for energy production and methyl metabolism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".