PSVIII-12 Influence of Colostrum Insulin Supplementation on Brush Border Carbohydrase Activity in Neonatal Holstein Bulls
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Insulin concentrations are variable in bovine colostrum (5 to 263 µg insulin/L) and its effects on gastrointestinal function in neonatal calves are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine if varying concentrations of insulin in colostrum would influence intestinal carbohydrases in neonatal Holstein bulls. Calves (n = 26; 49.11 kg, SD = 3.24) were removed from their dams after calving. They were fed 3 meals of colostrum (7% BW or 3.10 ± 0.02 L) at 2, 14 and 26 hours after birth containing one of 3 insulin concentrations: basal (16.8 µg/L; n = 8), or supplemental colostrum containing either a 5× (83.4 µg/L; n = 10) or 10× (167.5 µg/L; n = 8) increase in colostrum insulin respective to basal concentrations. At 30 hours, the animals were killed, and the gastrointestinal tract was removed for mucosal scrapings of the duodenum, proximal jejunum, and ileum. Intestinal mucosal scrapings were assayed for the following brush border carbohydrases: maltase, isomaltase, lactase and glucoamylase. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with treatment and dam parity modeled as fixed effects. There was no treatment effect (P > 0.05) on intestinal maltase, isomaltase and glucoamylase concentrations. However, there was a linear increase (P < 0.05) in jejunal lactase activity (Unit/g of jejunum and U/g of protein) with increasing amount of insulin inclusion. These data indicate that insulin supplementation has minimal effects on activities of brush border starch degrading enzymes, but increases lactase activity in the proximal jejunum of neonatal calves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".