Initiation of Stable Detonation Combustion of Kerosene Vapors behind an Oblique Shock Wave in a Rarefied Atmosphere
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A family of axisymmetric Laval nozzles with a central cylindrical part is considered. The nozzle diffuser with relatively small dimensions ensures stable detonation combustion of kerosene vapor behind an inclined shock front that forms before entering the combustion chamber without auxiliary initiating structures and additional energy supply. Modeling is carried out based on the two-dimensional unsteady Euler equations of motion for axisymmetric flows of a multicomponent gas and a simplified kinetic scheme of chemical transformations. The calculations are performed using a modified numerical scheme by S.K. Godunov of the second order of accuracy in spatial variables. It is shown that effective detonation combustion occurs on the impact of the initiating shock front on the wall of the combustion chamber in the immediate vicinity of the corner point of conjugation with the diffuser. The parameters of a number of nozzles are determined, in which the detonation combustion of kerosene vapor provides high power characteristics with an efficiency of more than 40% in atmospheric air at an altitude of about 40 km at a flight Mach number of M0 = 9.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".