Role of the riparian groundwater in a pristine Mediterranean micro-estuary catchment to quantify nutrient fluxes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Catchment fluxes are the main vector of nutrients to marine ecosystems. Most of the time research focuses on regional catchments and their nutrient contribution toward estuaries, deltas or lagoons. Fluxes coming from coastal watersheds with smaller size are under-investigated, especially micro-estuaries, in spite of their predominance in many coastal areas and particularly in the Mediterranean. The catchment-micro-estuary continuum has a strong seasonal variation dynamic controlled by transversal water and nutrients fluxes through the watershed, estuary and coastal zone. Identifying and quantifying the water, inorganic and organic fluxes is unavoidable to understand the hydro-ecological behaviour of the micro-estuaries. For this purpose, the Fiume Santu watershed located on the Mediterranean Island of Corsica (France) has been investigated with a hydro-ecological approach based on the crossing-use of isotopic, chemical and nutrient tracers. The study was carried out in a humid period in February 2018 and investigations involved a multi-tracer methodology, namely major ions and traces elements, stable isotopes of water, carbon isotope ratios and concentrations of DIC as well as measurements of DIM and DOM. Eight sampling sites were chosen along the estuary from top to bottom: four along the river, three for groundwater and one in open-sea water. Results highlight hydrological processes in the down part of the catchment which are constrained by the tidal phenomena stopping temporarily the freshwater and nutrient circulation. The catchment fluxes, the chemical and biological intrinsic processes (remineralization, sediment uptake and release) and the marsh inputs constitute sources of nutrients along the stream and induce non-conservative budgets. The role of groundwater and subsurface water is significant in terms of nutrient fluxes even their discharge contribution is neglected. This first mutual tracer-approach in the hydrological functioning and the ecological behaviour is unique in terms of the quantification of nutrient fluxes in a pristine coastal site and is the first step toward a transposition of the methodology to other Mediterranean sites.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".