Chitosan sponges and polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying tranexamic acid as hemostatic agent: Synthesis, characterization and bioapplication
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the hemagglutinating activity of chitosan sponges (Cs) and polycaprolactone nanoparticles transporting tranexamic acid. Sponges were prepared in various concentrations, lyophilized, and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, zeta potential, profilometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Samples were evaluated for hemagglutinating potential and clotting time. The results confirmed the presence of the three components in the biomaterial, as well as stability in the oral environment since the loss of mass occurred only at high temperatures. Microscopy and profilometry demonstrated the samples' porosity. Hemagglutination was found to be complete in the Cs100PCL0, Cs75PCL25+TXA, Cs50PCL50+TXA, and Cs75PCL25 sponges, and those with chitosan in their composition presented reduced clotting times as compared to the control. The innovative Cs have stability, porosity, complete hemagglutination, and were able to significantly reduce clotting time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".