CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM OF CLIMATE CHANGE OF THE PLANET AND ECOLOGY, IN THE CONTEXT OF PROVISION OF CARBON-FREE EMISSION OF EXHAUST ON VEHICLES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated July 10, 2020 No. PP4779 “On additional measures to improve the energy efficiency of the economy and reduce the dependence of sectors of the economy on fuel and energy products by attracting available resources” approved a roadmap “to improve energy efficiency and save fuel and energy resources at large energy-intensive enterprises of branches of the economy”. Paragraph 15 of this roadmap sets the task to “develop a long-term National Strategy for the Development of Hydrogen Energy” [1, 2].\n\nIn the world, the more cars are produced, the greater the interest in alternative fuels to gasoline, the combustion of which emits less harmful substances. In many countries, biofuels made from vegetable raw materials are becoming increasingly popular. In six states of the European Union, as well as in the USA, Canada, Brazil, Malaysia, such biofuel is produced on an industrial scale, but still its share in the fuel balance does not exceed 0.3% [3].\n\nUntil now, petroleum-derived fuel in the internal combustion engine remains the main type of fuel. In this regard, the only way to solve the energy problem of road transport is the creation of alternative fuels. The new fuel must satisfy many requirements: to have the necessary raw materials, low cost, not to impair engine performance, to emit harmful substances as little as possible, to be combined, if possible, with the existing fuel supply system, etc.\n\nOil today is the main and most demanded energy resource. However, its reserves are running out catastrophically, and it is already clear that the end of the oil era is coming.\n\nIt is already absolutely clear that the 21st century will be the end of the oil era. A decrease in the rate of oil production in a number of countries, including Russia, and a decrease in its profitability are already being observed today. All this is the root cause of the increase in the cost of petroleum products and, as a result, imposes certain restrictions on the development of the economies of individual countries and the world economy as a whole. This circumstance, taking into account the fact that 80% of the mechanical energy that a person uses in his activities, is generated by internal combustion engines, makes us seriously think about an alternative energy source, not of oil origin.\n\nRecently, a large number of foreign research centers of engine-building firms have been conducting research aimed at saving fuel and replacing traditional liquid hydrocarbon fuels with new types.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".