Effect of glass waste as a cement replacement on the mechanical properties of concrete
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Every day several tons of glass dispose as waste. Glass waste, as a non-degradable waste, causes many environmental problems. Using glass waste powder in concrete as a partial substitute for cement has notable effects on the reduction of environmental pollutants, energy consumption, and concrete production costs. In this study, the impact of using waste glass powder in levels of 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.% as a substitute for cement on the mechanical properties of concrete was evaluated. Chemical analysis of glass and cement samples was determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The flexural and compressive strength of the samples were measured according to ISO 679, Methods of testing cement – Determination of strength, in 3, 7, 28, and 90 days. The results of the compressive strength test showed that the strength of concrete increases by the amount of used glass powder in the concrete composition. The highest value of compressive strength was obtained by the sample with 15 wt.% of glass powder.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it