Changes in photosynthetic parameters and lipid classes of N-limited freshwater microalga under cadmium exposure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In the environment, algae are exposed to non-optimal conditions and adapt their physiology to cope with adverse conditions, such as limiting nutrients or excess contaminants. The present study evaluated the changes in photosynthetic parameters and lipid classes of the freshwater green microalga Ankistrodesmus densus exposed to nitrogen (N) limitation and cadmium (Cd) exposure. While N is required for the algal metabolism, Cd does not present known functions in freshwater microalgae. Our results indicate that the growth rate was more affected by metal than by the nutrient. At the same time, the quenchings, i.e., fractions of light energy driven to photochemical or non-photochemical processes of photosynthesis, were not affected under the N limitation. However, in the combination of the two stressors, the changes were more pronounced, suggesting a synergism in the growth rate, chlorophyll a production, photochemical quenching (qP), and effective quantum yield ((Y(II)). While Cd did not affect any lipid classes, the percentage of storage lipids (triacylglycerol) was increased under N limitation and in some of the combinations of N limitation and Cd. However, in the combination of the stressors, there were some non-linear changes in structural lipids (phospholipids) and a decrease in acetone mobile polar lipids. Our data indicate that the combination of the two stressors affected algal physiology with synergism in several parameters. However, the algal photoprotective mechanisms effectively avoided photodamage, as indicated by non-photochemical quenchings (qN and NPQ) and in the quantum yield related to regulated energy loss Y (NPQ) values.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".