Bibliographic record
Abstract
Without the enormous help from biomedical engineers over the past 60 years, physicians today would not have defibrillators, and in particular, portable defibrillators as part of their therapeutic armamentarium. Some historical background appears appropriate. Cakulev and colleagues forwarded an article: Cardioversion: Past, Present, and Future (Cakulev et al. 2009 ). In 1889, John McWilliam of Scotland was the first to suggest that ventricular fibrillation (VF), and not asystole, was the mechanism of sudden death in humans (McWilliam 1889 ). The major progression in the development of defibrillation methods evolved from the research of Gurvich in Moscow. He made fundamental discoveries in the fields of fibrillation and defibrillation (Gurvich and Yuniev 1939 ). In 1952, Gurvich designed the world’s first commercially available transthoracic DC defibrillator. During an open heart surgery in 1947, Beck successfully defibrillated a patient. A defibrillator built by Beck and...
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.029 | 0.030 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".