ISOCAM observations of the Ursa Major cirrus:
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present mid-IR imaging observations of a high Galactic latitude cirrus obtained with the ISO camera ISOCAM at 6'' angular resolution. The observations were done with two filters LW2 (5–8.5 μm) and LW3 (12–18 μm) that measure respectively the aromatic carbon bands and the underlying continuum emission from small dust particles. Three 0.05 square degree images sample atomic and molecular sections in the Ursa Major cirrus. These images are compared with Hi, CO and IRAS observations. In such a cloud transparent to stellar light () the mid-infrared to 100 μm and the mid-IR emissivity per hydrogen are related to the abundance and the optical properties of small dust particles independently of any modelling of the penetration of the radiation. Within the atomic section of the cloud, the comparison between ISOCAM images and 21 cm interferometric data highlights an enhancement of the mid-IR emitters abundance by a factor ∼5 in an Hi filament characterized by a large transverse velocity gradient suggestive of rotation. Furthermore, a drop in the abundance of the same mid-IR emitters is observed at the interface between the atomic and molecular cirrus sections. We propose that these abundance variations of the mid-IR emitters are related to the production of small dust particles by grain shattering in energetic grain-grain collisions generated by turbulent motions within the cirrus and inversely by their disappearance due to coagulation on large grains. At the Hi-H2 interface we also observe a change in the (LW2)/(LW3) ratio by a factor 2. This color variation indicates that the amplitude of the continuum near 15 μm, relative to the aromatic bands, rises inside the molecular region. It could result from a modification of the dust size distribution or of the intrinsic optical properties of the small dust particles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".