Kraft pulping of softwood chips with mild hot water pre-hydrolysis to understand the effects of wood chip thickness
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hemicelluloses consume alkali during kraft pulping and dissolve in the black liquor as a low energy fuel. Acidic pre-hydrolysis of softwood chips removes hemicelluloses but preserves cellulose content prior to pulping. This study compared mild pre-hydrolysis (140 °C) kraft pulping with conventional kraft pulping of commercial softwood chips at two H-factors for wood chips with thickness ranging from less than 2 mm to over 6 mm. The chip thickness less than 2 mm increased hemicelluloses oligomer yield and showed little influence on pulp fiber yield. However, the kraft pulp fiber length decreased 5.6%. Kappa number and fiber reject increased dramatically when chip thickness was greater than 6 mm. The detailed compositional analysis of kraft pulp and fiber quality analysis indicate that pre-hydrolysis followed by kraft pulping enhanced delignification with limited reduction of fiber length and width, and increased kinks. Strategic considerations for the integration of pre-hydrolysis into kraft pulping for future biorefineries were outlined.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".