Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract With the advent of the internet and the proliferation of social media in the early 21st century, how people help each other has changed dramatically. The process of neighbors helping neighbors has increasingly shifted to the digital realm, with social media posts and shares replacing handshakes and conversations on the front porch. This chapter, drawing on the settlement sociology of Jane Addams, considers this shift and its implications for how people help each other. It argues that in privileging the digital over in-person social relations, we have lost a precious and important part of the fabric of society. It shows how current practices, celebrated as transparent, democratic, and technologically advanced, are in fact not very different from the inequitable and haphazard pre-welfare state methods of helping in the 19th century that Addams worked so hard to mitigate and replace through settlement houses, charity organization reform, and eventually the profession of social work. Finally, this chapter proposes a way forward, informed by Addams’s settlement sociology theory and practice and grounded in the dynamism and propinquity of in-person social relations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".