Cr, Co and rare earth elements systematics in ice-rafted sediments of northern part of the Beaufort gyre
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The results of analysis of the systematics of Cr, Co and rare earth elements (REE) in ice-rafted sediments (IRS) of the northern part of the Beaufort Cycle (Arctic Ocean) are considered in the article. The IRS was assembled on the ARK-XIV-1/a cruise of the NIS Polarstern in 1998. The exact position of the sources of the IRS present in the ice has not been established to date. This is due, on the one hand, to the complex ice cycle in the Arctic Basin, on the other - a relatively small amount of data on the actual composition of the IRS. According to the views of most researchers, the main IRS supplier is the wide and shallow Siberian Arctic shelf. In the Beaufort Sea, the distinctive features of which are a much narrower shelf and almost constant presence of ice in the summer period, the conditions for the formation of the IRS are not so favorable. The contents of rare and scattered elements in the IRS samples were determined with the help of INAA at GEOKHI RAS. As a result of the research it was established that variations (La/Yb)N in the IRS from the northern part of the Beaufort cycle are characterized by the values 8.5-15.5. They fully correspond to the average value of this parameter in the suspension of pp. Mackenzie and the Arctic-Red River (8.6 and 8.5) and the mean (La/Yb)N for the crystalline formations of the Canadian Shield (14.4). In the same range are included, the values of (La/Yb)N for the suspension of Yana and Lena rivers (8.7 and 12.4), which may indicate the possibility of the presence in the IRS of material borrowed on the shelf of the eastern Laptev Sea. In the Co-Cr diagram, there is no overlapping of the fields of the compositions of the present bottom sediments of the estuary of Yenisei River, on the one hand, and the eastern part of the East Siberian and Chukchi seas, on the other. Although the sediments of the delta of the Mackenzie River, comparable to the precipitation of the estuary of the Yenisei River. by the content of Cr and differ from them by a noticeably lower content of Co. In the Cr-La diagram, the IRS field occupies an essentially isolated position, yet still has a certain overlap with the precipitation fields of the Chukchi Sea and the delta of Mackenzie River. In the diagram (La/Yb)N-La/Co, the field of IRS composition has a ≈50% overlap with the field of the present bottom sediments composition of the Chukchi Sea. The middle point of the suspension also gravitates towards Lena River, and the point of the Canadian Shield is relatively close, as well as the points of suspension of Mackenzie and Arctic-Red rivers and PAAS. Overlapping of the IRS fields and modern bottom sediments of the Ob and Yenisei estuaries, as well as the east of the East Siberian Sea, on the contrary, is not observed. The data given in the article allow us to conclude that the IRS in the area of the North Pole contains sedimentary material, borrowed both on the shelf of the Beaufort Sea and on the shelves of the eastern part of the Laptev Sea and the Chukchi Sea.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".