Focusing and defocusing of tropical cyclone generated waves by ocean current refraction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Waves generated by tropical cyclones can have devastating effects on coastal regions. However, the role of ocean currents in modifying wave amplitudes, wavelengths, and directions is commonly overlooked in wave forecasts, despite the fact that these interactions can lead to extreme wave conditions. Here, we use satellite observations and wave modeling to quantify the effects of ocean currents on the surface waves generated during a tropical cyclone event in the Arabian Sea. As a case study, this paper documents beams of wave heights originating from the eyewall of a tropical cyclone caused by current-induced refraction. Alternating regions of high and low wave heights in the model simulations are consistent with observations and extend for thousands of kilometers all the way to 100 m isobath. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for wave refraction by currents in order to accurately predict the impact of tropical cyclone generated waves on coastal regions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".