Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction This chapter will review the evaluation research on restorative justice (RJ) in cases of intimate partner violence (IPV). What do we know about how well RJ ensures the safety and immediate needs of survivors? What do we know about whether survivors feel a sense of justice as a result of these practices? What do we know about the ability of these practices to hold offenders accountable, and to prevent further offending? The discussion begins with a brief description of the three most common forms of RJ, and a brief look at some of the evaluation research conducted on these practices. Next, the research literature on RJ and IPV will be reviewed. Following this review, attention will be paid to some recent developments in RJ and other alternative approaches to crimes of sexual assault and severe violence. The research literature on RJ and IPV is remarkably small, and as a result the potential of RJ might best be seen by also considering its application to other serious forms of victimization. Common forms of RJ There are three forms of RJ that are commonly used in cases of IPV—namely, victim–offender mediation (VOM), family group conferencing, and peacemaking and sentencing circles—all of which share a set of goals. They seek to hold offenders accountable; empower those who are victimized; allow for the expression of feelings; clarify facts about the crime; provide an opportunity to address the impact of the crime on the survivors and those around them; and come to an agreement about how the offender can make amends. Victim–offender mediation (VOM) VOM involves a direct, mediated interaction between victims and offenders. This is sometimes called victim–offender dialog (VOD), or (as will be discussed later) victim–offender conferencing (VOC). The power of this process lies in the emotional exchange between the parties. Extensive preparation of both victims and offenders is essential to effective practice. The mediator must explain the process and the potential outcomes to both parties. Mediators also need to assess whether the victims and offenders are ready for such an encounter. Arising in Canada and the US in the early 1970s, VOM is now a global phenomenon; there are now over 1,200 programs worldwide (Victim Offender Mediation Association, 2014).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.022 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".