Ice Induced Shock Response Experiments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As novel and innovative design concepts are developed for Arctic commodity transport, relevant ice-structure interaction scenarios and corresponding ice load models will be pivotal for direct design practices and the development of new codes and standards. For example, the parallel midbody region of membrane-type liquid natural gas carriers (LNGC) is comprised of the hull structure and delicate mastic materials, integral to the cargo containment systems (CCS). For Arctic LNGCs, this type of hull geometry can be susceptible to flat-on flat ice impacts. The current ice-structure interaction models which form the basis of classification requirements do not explicitly consider this scenario. However, these impacts can potentially induce a shock response beyond the hull structure and through the CCS which can compromise the integrity of the CCS and may result in loss of cargo or other extreme consequences. Preliminary numerical simulations of ice floe impacts on ice-class LNGC hull structures have shown this type of shock response as a result of flat-on-flat collisions. This paper aims to investigate the nature of flat-on-flat ice collisions and subsequent structural response through controlled physical experiments and further analyzed thought explicit dynamic finite element analysis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".