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Record W4300063111 · doi:10.4006/1.3025652

Model of Fundamental Particles II: Leptons.

2004· article· en· W4300063111 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
Stephan J. G. Gift

Bibliographic record

VenuePhysics Essays · 2004
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicCosmology and Gravitation Theories
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPhysicsCosmological constantMetric expansion of spaceGeneral relativityGravitational constantGravitationSpeed of light (cellular automaton)CosmologyTheoretical physicsHomogeneity (statistics)EinsteinScale factor (cosmology)AstrophysicsClassical mechanicsDark energyQuantum mechanics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Following four different fundamental principles, in addition to Weinberg's universal relation, we find five reasons demanding that any gravitational mass m, and the speed of light c, vary with cosmological time (the masses increasing linearly with time and the speed of light decreasing with time, in such a way that the product mc remains constant).This is required by the universal condition of conservation of momentum in a Universe with spatial homogeneity: a consequence of the Milne-Einstein COSMOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE.We prove that this is consistent with Einstein's Theory of General Relativity (through the application of the Action Principle).We call this effect a "MASS BOOM".At the LAB system no such time variations can be detected, unless we make comparisons with cosmological observations (i.e. using different references far away from the LAB, e.g.measuring the red shift from distant galaxies in terms of the LAB standards).We have to stress that the physical conditions implied by a time varying mass, like the Mass Boom establishes, together with a time varying speed of light, preserving the constancy of momentum, are compatible with Einstein's field equations.We then integrate his cosmological equations and find the solution for the cosmological scale factor as a(t) = constant • t 2 , implying an apparent accelerated expansion for the Universe, as seen from the LAB frame.This is the interpretation given to recent observations obtained from the Supernova Type Ia.The determination of the scale factor as a(t) = constant•t 2 is based upon a LAB interpretation and therefore is an apparent effect.On the other hand we note that the product ct being a constant determines the real Universe as a static one, of constant size, in accordance with Einsteins first proposal.The observed red shift at the LAB system is due to a real shrinkage of the quantum world, due to the decrease in size of the quantum particles determined by a decreasing Planck's "constant" (quantum sizes are of order mc , where mc remains constant).

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.060
Threshold uncertainty score0.310

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.023
GPT teacher head0.261
Teacher spread0.238 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2004
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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