High-Resolution Images of Diffuse Neutral Clouds in the Milky Way. I.\n Observations, Imaging, and Basic Cloud Properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A set of diffuse interstellar clouds in the inner Galaxy within a few hundred\npc of the Galactic plane has been observed at an angular resolution of ~1\narcmin combining data from the NRAO Green Bank Telescope and the Very Large\nArray. At the distance of the clouds the linear resolution ranges from ~1.9 pc\nto ~2.8 pc. These clouds have been selected to be somewhat out of the Galactic\nplane and are thus not confused with unrelated emission, but in other respects\nthey are a Galactic population. They are located near the tangent points in the\ninner Galaxy, and thus at a quantifiable distance: $2.3 \\leq R \\leq 6.0$ kpc\nfrom the Galactic Center, and $-1000 \\leq z \\leq +610$ pc from the Galactic\nplane. These are the first images of the diffuse neutral HI clouds that may\nconstitute a considerable fraction of the ISM. Peak HI column densities range\nfrom $N_{HI} = 0.8-2.9 \\times 10^{20}$ cm$^{-2}$. Cloud diameters vary between\nabout 10 and 100 pc, and their HI mass spans the range from less than a hundred\nto a few thousands Msun. The clouds show no morphological consistency of any\nkind except that their shapes are highly irregular. One cloud may lie within\nthe hot wind from the nucleus of the Galaxy, and some clouds show evidence of\ntwo distinct thermal phases as would be expected from equilibrium models of the\ninterstellar medium.\n
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".