Anadromous Sturgeons: Habitats, Threats, and Management
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<em>Abstract</em>.—The anadromous Atlantic sturgeon <em>Acipenser oxyrinchus</em> once supported an important commercial fishery throughout its range (northern Florida, USA, to Labrador, Canada). All surviving populations are apparently depleted, presumably due to overfishing, pollution, and dam construction. A complete moratorium on the fishery has been established in U.S. waters. Unfortunately, population status is unknown for nearly all systems. Several 1994–2001 data sets from South Carolina rivers were examined for their potential in development of recruitment (year-class abundance) indices. Because Atlantic sturgeon often begin leaving their natal systems at age 2, after which they occupy other systems and then presumably return to natal areas at sexual maturity several years later, a valid river-specific abundance index must be based on either age0–1 or adult fish. Working with three former commercial Atlantic sturgeon fishermen to collect adults in two rivers during the spring and fall of 1998 resulted in collection of only 39 fish in 13 nominal age-classes. In another river, 2 years of monthly sampling with multipanel, anchored gill nets and otter trawls at eight stations throughout the estuary produced only 31 juvenile Atlantic sturgeon. Neither of these study designs provided adequate sample sizes. However, sampling in a clean-bottom section at the freshwater–brackish water interface of the Edisto River with a modified drift gill net produced large numbers of small Atlantic sturgeon. More than 3,000 juveniles have been collected and tagged since 1994. The 1,331 nominal age-1 Atlantic sturgeon that were captured displayed a distinct bimodal length frequency distribution, supporting the hypothesis that there are both spring and fall spawning events. A period of record drought impeded sampling efforts during a portion of this study. However, when flows and bottom configurations allow nets to be fished at the freshwater–brackish water interface, the gears and methods employed in the Edisto River can produce an age-1 Atlantic sturgeon catch per unit effort that is high enough to be used in estimating relative year-class strength.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".