Consideraciones del panorama social y de salud de la mujer en las Américas, con énfasis en Cuba Considerations of women health and social landscape in America, focusing on Cuba
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Este trabajo expone consideraciones acerca de la situación social y de salud en América Latina, seleccionado por ser un continente afectado e imposibilitado de alcanzar niveles de desarrollo necesarios para erradicar la pobreza y la desigualdad, en el que se utiliza como referencia a la mujer, por la vulnerabilidad que este grupo representa, con énfasis en la mujer cubana. Objetivo: destacar los indicadores de impacto positivos y negativos en el panorama social y de salud de la mujer en las Américas. Métodos: se realizó la revisión documental de los informes publicados de salud, con criterios de estratificación de la América por regiones, entre las que fueron escogidos países representativos, y se seleccionaron algunos indicadores de la situación social y de salud. Resultados: los indicadores positivos más destacados son: esperanza de vida al nacer, empleo remunerado, desempleo, paridad y la mortalidad materna en Canadá. Los indicadores negativos han sido principalmente: incremento de la paridad en adolescentes, prevalencia de anemia y mortalidad materna e infectada por VIH (para Argentina). Cuba, por su parte, tiene marcados contrastes porque a pesar de ser un país en vías de desarrollo ofrece indicadores positivos, como la mortalidad infantil y la esperanza de vida al nacer, a diferencia de la prevalencia de anemia y la mortalidad materna que se comportaron como indicadores negativos. Conclusiones: los resultados muestran un mejor balance con mayores indicadores positivos sobre los negativos en Canadá y Cuba; no sucedió así con Argentina, que exhibe mayores indicadores negativos sobre los positivos. This paper presents considerations on the social and health situation in Latin America. This continent is selected since it is affected and unable to reach levels of development to eradicate poverty and inequality. In this paper, women are used as a reference due to their vulnerability, focusing on Cuban women. Objective: Positive and negative indicators are highlighted as objective of impact on the health and social landscape of women in America. Methods: the literature review of published health reports was used, stratifying America by regions; representative countries were chosen, and social status and health indicators were selected. Results: The outstanding results providing positive indicators are: life expectancy at birth, paid employment, unemployment, parity and maternal mortality in Canada. The main negative indicators have been: increased parity in adolescents, prevalence of anemia and maternal mortality, and HIV-infected (in Argentina). Cuba, meanwhile, has marked contrasts because despite being a developing country, positive indicators are shown, such as infant mortality and life expectancy at birth, but the prevalence of anemia and maternal mortality which behaved as negative indicators. Conclusions: Results of better balance with more positive over negative indicators are shown in Canada and Cuba. However, Argentina exhibits more negative over positive indicators.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".