Bibliographic record
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by poor balance, slow movement, rigidity, and uncontrollable tremors of the hands. These symptoms result from the degeneration of dopamine-producing nerve cells in the brain, specifically in the substantia nigra and the locus coeruleus. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is released by the brain and stimulates motor neurons. When dopamine production is depleted, the motor system is unable to control movement and coordination and PD symptoms occur. The goal of this experiment was to gain a better understanding of the effects of PD on the vestibular system. More specifically, the effect of the destruction of the dopamine producing cells on the vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) was investigated. The VOR is a gaze-stabilization reflex which maintains eye fixation on an object during head rotation. As the head turns, the eyes compensate by slowly turning in the opposite direction. As the eyes reach the limit of their turning range, they quickly reset by returning to their starting position. Together, the VOR (slow phase) and the resetting (quick phase) make up the vestibular nystagmus. The VOR produced during horizontal and vertical rotations by untreated mice was compared with the VOR produced by those mice that were injected with MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), a drug known to destroy the dopamine producing neurons in humans, primates, and rodents. In addition, the relationship between peak eye velocity and amplitude of the quick phases was analyzed to see if the quick phase was altered in MPTP-treated mice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".