Biology and Management of Dogfish Sharks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract.—Spiny dogfish <em>Squalus acanthias </em>are not well liked by most humans. Their flesh is not esteemed, and they annoy commercial and recreational fishermen because when caught, dogfish delay the rate at which fishermen can catch desired species. This report reviews the remarkably poor treatment of dogfish. We identify some common misconceptions about dogfish held by both the general public and biologists. We discuss why dogfish should and must, by law, be properly managed like any other species. We conclude with a list of items that are needed to ensure that humans are good stewards of dogfish and the ecosystem they share with other species. Dogfish occur commonly off the Pacific coast of Canada and the United States and are a slow growing, long-lived fish that give birth to an average of about seven live babies after a pregnancy of almost 2 years. The role of dogfish in the marine ecosystem is not well understood, but their common abundance and long life indicates that the role is probably important.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".