Paradiplomacy as a Way of Promotion of Regional Identity of the Subjects of Federations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article is devoted to the international activity of the subjects of federations, to the theoretical approaches to this phenomenon as well as its practical aspects. Special attention is given to the international relations of the subjects with some ethnic and/or linguistic specificity. It analyses the interaction between international activities of such subjects and the promotion of their special regional identity. This phenomenon is described as identifying paradiplomacy. The article deals with its constitutional and legal status, its interconnection with general principles of federalism, specificity of different types of federalism. The examples include the international activity of Quebec, a French-speaking Canadian province, which is one of the most active and visible non-sovereign territorial actors on the world stage for several decades since 1960s till present. It also deals with international activity of the republic of Tatarstan and some other republics of the Russian Federation. The article shows the positive and the negative sides of the identifying paradiplomacy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".