Protection of the differentiated Chondrocyte Phenotype during Monolayer expansion Cultures Using heat inactivated Fetal Calf Serum
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: autologous chondrocyte implantation (aci) is one successful treatment for osteoarthritic defects (1-4). However, chondrocytes undergo a conversion to a fibroblastic phenotype during their expansion in vitro. This process can lead to degradation and failure of the repaired tissue, and is termed “dedifferentiation” (5-9). we hypothesized that culturing chondrocytes in Heat inactivated Fetal calf serum (HiFcs) would lead to a slowing of the process of dedifferentiation. This study specifically examines how HiFcs affects gene expression and proliferation of bovine chondrocytes in short-term monolayer culture. Methods: we cultured primary chondrocytes extracted from bovine joints in Fcs or HiFcs for four passages (p0-p4). we then analysed the relative gene expression of aggrecan (agg), type ii-alpha1 collagen (col2a1), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (comp), sry (sex determining region y)-box 9 (sox9), type i-alpha2 collagen (col1a2) and bcl-2-associated X protein (bax) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr). results: our results show significant down-regulation of col1a2 and up-regulations of agg, col2a1, comp and sox9 in HiFcs cultures when compared to those in Fcs cultures. discussion: Agg, col2a1 and comp are associated with the synthesis of cartilage matrix molecules while sox9 is associated with chondrogenesis (5-11). Col1a2 is associated with the presence of fibrous tissue which lacks the desired mechanical properties (5-9). Therefore, our results suggest that HiFcs can partially protect the chondrocytic phenotype from dedifferentiating to fibroblastic after one passage. To improve upon our results, more experiments are required to reveal the mechanism underlying the protection of chondrocytes offered by the heat inactivation of Fcs.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".