Samson Occom, Joseph Johnson, and New England Native American Evangelicalism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Samson Occom and his son-in-law, Joseph Johnson, were arguably two of the most enmeshed Indigenous figures of early New England’s missionary circles and produced radically nativist spaces and languages within and beside the discourses of White evangelical religion. Highly visible through their writings and their relationships with prominent evangelical figures, this chapter explores the deep investments Occom and Johnson made in education, religion, and politics in New and Old England while also gesturing toward the silences obscuring Indigenous peoples in English records and in the colonial imagination. Passionately convinced that Christianity had something real and important to offer their Native kin, these Mohegan men spent their lives traversing the Northeast, the Atlantic world, and the precarious terrain between Native and colonial spaces. By foregrounding these Indigenous figures rather than the Euro-American religious leaders and missionaries in religious histories of the Northeast especially among Native nations, the authors propose a reorientation for New England’s evangelical movement, putting Indigeneity and the Indigenous figures who left an indelible mark on the Native and colonial religious landscape of the eighteenth century at the center.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".