Bibliographic record
Abstract
This volume is composed of six chapters covering both fundamental and applied electrochemistry, as in previous monographs in this series.The first chapter, by Krischer, provides a detailed analysis of oscillatory processes that arise in the kinetics of certain electrode processes, for example, in active to passive transitions involving oxide films and in H 2 and small organic molecule oxidations.The origin of such periodic phenomena in electrochemistry has remained obscure for some time.(Why are steady states not simply attained?)The author gives a thorough and mathematical treatment of the conditions required for onset of oscillations, including, it is important to note, coupling with resistive elements of experimental circuits and diffusion.Her review encompasses broader aspects of periodic phenomena such as those currently being considered in theories of transition between "order" and "chaos," part of a new paradigm in biology and cosmology.Lasia, in the second chapter, offers a much-needed comprehensive treatment of ac impedance ("impedance spectroscopy") as applied to the study of kinetics and mechanisms of electrode processes.He starts out with the elements and fundamentals of the subject and develops case studies for treatment of progressively more complex processes involving coupling between activation and diffusion-controlled faradaic reactions, also including pseudo-capacitative elements in parallel relations with the ubiquitous double-layer capacitance.An extension to the study of electrochemical sorption of hydrogen into host cathode metals is also usefully given.In a forthcoming volume, a second part of this review will be published, covering practical applications, for example, in corrosion, industrial electrolytic processes and battery electrochemistry.Continuing on the fundamental side, Lefebvre, in Chapter 3, revisits the problem of the significance of stoichiometric numbers in analysis of mechanisms of multistep electrode processes.He considers both forward v and backward directions of multi-(two or three) electron-transfer reactions (e.g., as in Al deposition), and the participation of the associated intermediates.This chapter illustrates the complexity of interpretations of determined stoichiometric numbers and the limitations that arise in their application to mechanism analysis.Chapter 4 by Vijh is on the environmentally related topic of electroosmotic dewatering of clays.This subject encompasses interfacial electrochemical and colloid science, and has important applications in washing clay and sand, the treatment of ores and tailings, and dewatering of brown coal and peat, as well as in dealing with liquors and wastes from the electroplating and metal-finishing industries.Geotechnical applications also arise, for example, in the stabilization of soils in locations where mudslides occur.Electrochemistry is involved through the high-area double layers at colloid interfaces and in the provision of the high voltages at the electrodes that drive the processes of electro-osmosis involved in the "dewatering" phenomenon.Magnetic effects in electrolytic processes have always held a special if somewhat distant interest for electrochemists.In Chapter 5, by Fahidy, an excellent account is given of the fundamentals of this topic and its applications, through magnetohydrodynamics, to electrodeposition and corrosion.Also treated is the basis of the electrolytic Hall effect, which is essential for understanding how electrohydrodynamic forces act on moving ions in a magnetic field.In industrial electrolytic processes, including metal electrodeposition and preparation reactions, mass transfer and fluid flow are usually of central importance, especially in scaleup from laboratory-scale experimentation.In the final chapter of this volume, West and co-authors give the essential aspects of computer analysis and modeling of such processes in terms of fluid dynamics and mass transfer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.031 | 0.014 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".