Field-based assessment of the influence of agriculture and urbanization on benthic macroinvertebrates in Southern Ontario and Laboratory based assessment of the toxicity of road salt to biofilms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The abundance and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates (BMI) were measured across four streams that span a gradient of urban and agricultural land cover in south-central Ontario. For each stream, BMI surveys were carried out across three seasons for reference (upstream) and test (downstream) sites with chloride being a contaminant of interest to this study. While two of the test sites had stream chloride concentrations that exceeded national guidelines for chronic toxicity, only the site with the highest proportion of urban land cover in its drainage area suggested compromised community compositions across all study seasons. Additionally, the impact of sodium chloride, the most common road salt type, was studied on freshwater biofilm communities under laboratory conditions, where biofilms at high concentrations of salt show a high degree of aggregation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".