Antimalarial, Anti-hemolytic, Hepatoprotective, and Nephroprotective Activities of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Leaf Extract in Plasmodium berghei Infection in Mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Malaria is still a major problem around the world, especially in tropical and sub-tropical zones. Malaria-associated hemolysis and liver and renal injuries have been reported to be causes of death in malaria cases. In this respect, finding plant extracts which have a protective effect against these pathologies induced by malaria are urgently needed. The present study aimed to evaluate the antimalarial, anti-hemolytic, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective properties of Gynostemma pentaphyllum leaf extract (GPE) in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. ICR mice were infected intraperitoneally with 1´107 parasitized erythrocytes of P. berghei ANKA (PbANKA), and given the extract (100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) orally for 4-consecutive days. Parasitemia, packed cell volume (PCV), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatinine levels were measured. The results showed that during PbANKA infection in mice, parasitemia was increased from day 1 - 14 post-infection with hemolysis, as indicated by the reduction of PCV. Moreover, liver and renal damage during malaria infection were observed, as indicated by the marked increase of ALT and creatinine levels in infected mice. Interestingly, these pathologies induced by PbANKA infection were protected and maintained at normal levels in PbANKA infected mice treated with GPE in a dose-dependent manner. The highest activity was found at a dose of 1000 mg/kg of GPE. No effects on PCV, ALT, or creatinine levels were observed in normal mice treated with 1000 mg/kg of GPE. Moreover, GPE exerted a dose-dependent reduction of parasitemia against PbANKA, with percent inhibitions of 57.6, 78.4, and 89.6 % at doses of 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of GPE, respectively. It can be concluded that GPE exerted antimalarial, anti-hemolytic, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective activities against PbANKA infection in mice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".