Tobacco use among students aged 13-15 years--Kurdistan Region, Iraq, 2005.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tobacco use is one of the major preventable causes of premature death and disease in the world. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), part of the Global Tobacco Surveillance System initiated by the World Health Organization (WHO), CDC, and the Canadian Public Health Association, was developed to monitor tobacco use, attitudes about tobacco, and exposure to secondhand smoke among youths and has been conducted in 140 countries. This report presents findings from the GYTS conducted in the Kurdistan region of Iraq (i.e., Irbil, as-Sulaymaniyah, and Dahuk governorates) in 2005, which revealed that one in 10 students currently smoked cigarettes or used other tobacco products. Boys (21%) were statistically significantly more likely than girls (2.1%) to smoke cigarettes, but no significant difference was observed between boys and girls in their use of other tobacco products. Public health authorities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq can use the baseline information from the GYTS to design and implement tobacco-control programs to reduce youth smoking.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".