Association between SGLT2 Inhibitors and Cardiac Rehabilitation Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been associated with decreased skeletal muscle mass but remains unclear in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) undergoing comprehensive outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Therefore, this study investigates the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on the outcomes of patients with CVD and T2DM undergoing comprehensive outpatient CR. The study included 402 patients with CVD and T2DM who participated in comprehensive outpatient CR. Physical functions (grip strength, maximal quadriceps isometric strength, usual gait speed, and 6-minute walking distance) were measured at discharge as baseline and 5 months thereafter, and the association between physical functions and SGLT2 inhibitor use was reviewed. Physical functions improved regardless of SGLT2 inhibitor use. Multiple regression analysis showed that SGLT2 inhibitor use was not associated with improvement or decline in physical functions (p ≥ 0.05). The use of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with CVD and T2DM undergoing outpatient CR did not impair improvement in physical functions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".