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ATHENA detector proposal — a totally hermetic electron nucleus apparatus proposed for IP6 at the Electron-Ion Collider
J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, N. Agrawal, C. Aidala, W. Akers, M. Alekseev, Mazi Allen, F. Ameli, A. Angerami, P. Antonioli, N. Apadula, A. Aprahamian, W. Armstrong, M. Arratia, J. Arrington, A. Asaturyan, E. C. Aschenauer, K. Augsten, S. Aune, K.A. Bailey, C. Baldanza, M. Bansal, Fernando Barbosa, L. Barion, K. N. Barish, M. Battaglieri, A. Bazilevsky, N. K. Behera, В. В. Бердников, J. C. Bernauer, C. Berriaud, A. Bhasin, D. S. Bhattacharya, J. Bielčík, J. Bielčíková, Chiara Bissolotti, W. B. Li, M. Bondí, M. Borri, F. Bossù, F. Bouyjou, J. D. Brandenburg, A. Bressan, M. L. Brooks, S. Bültmann, Duane Byer, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Valerio Calvelli, A. Camsonne, Laura Cappelli, M. Capua, M. Castro, D. Cavazza, D. Cebra, A. Celentano, I. Chakaberia, B. K. Chan, W. C. Chang, M. Chartier, C. Chatterjee, D. Chen, Jianmin Chen, Kai Chen, Z. Chen, H. Chetri, T. Chiarusi, M. Chiosso, X. Chu, J. J. Chwastowski, G. Cicala, E. Cisbani, E. Cline, Ian C. Cloët, D. Colella, M. Contalbrigo, G. Contin, R. Corliss, Y. Corrales-Morales, J. Crafts, Chris Crawford, R. Cruz-Torres, D. D’Ago, A. D’Angelo, N. d’Hose, John Dainton, S. Dalla Torre, S. Dasgupta, S. Dash, N. Dashyan, J. Datta, M. Daugherity, R. De Vita, W. Deconinck, M. Defurne, K. Dehmelt, A. Del Dotto, Filippo Delcarro, G. Dellacasa, Z. S. Demiroglu, G. Deptuch, Vaishnavi Desai, A. Deshpande, Kyle Christian Devereaux, R. Dhillon, R. Di Salvo, C. Dilks, Dhruv Utpalkumar Dixit, S. Dobbs, X. Dong, J. L. Drachenberg, A. Drees, R. Dupré, Matthew Durham, R. Dzhygadlo, L. El Fassi, D. Elia, E. Epple, R. Esha, O. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, D. Falchieri, W. Fan, A. Fantini, S. Fazio, S. Fegan, A. Filippi, H. Fox, A. Francisco, A. Freeze, S. Furletov, Yulia Furletova, C. Gal, Stephanie Gardner, P. Garg, D. Gaskell, K. Gates, Michael Gericke, F. J. M. Geurts, C. Ghosh, Marco Giacalone, F. Giacomini, S. Gilchrist, D. I. Glazier, K. Gnanvo, L. Gonella, L. Greiner, N. Guerrini, L. Guo, A. Gupta, R. Gupta, W. Guryn, X. He, T. K. Hemmick, S. Heppelmann, D. W. Higinbotham, Malak Hoballah, A. Hoghmrtsyan, M. Hohlmann, T. Horn, D. Hornidge, H. Z. Huang, C. E. Hyde-Wright, P. Iapozzuto, M. Idzik, B. Jacak, M. B. Jadhav, Shilpi Jain, C. Jena, A. Jentsch, Y. Ji, Z. Ji, J. Jia, Peter G. Jones, R. W. I. Jones, S. Joosten, S. Joshi, M. L. Kabir, G. Kalicy, G. Karyan, Vipul Kashyap, D. Kawall, H. W. Ke, M. Kelsey, Jungho Kim, J. Kiryluk, A. Kiselev, H. T. Klest, V. Kochar, W. Korsch, L. K. Kosarzewski, A.M. Kotzinian, F. Křížek, Arun Kumar, K.S. Kumar, L. Kumar, R. Kumar, S. Kumar, A. Kunnath, Nilay Kushawaha, R. Lacey, Y. S. Lai, K. Lalwani, J. M. Landgraf, L. Lanza, D. Lattuada, Merrick Lavinsky, J. H. Lee, S.H. Lee, R. C. Lemmon, A. Lestone, N. Lewis, H. Li, S. Li, W. Li, W. Li, Peiyu Li, X. Li, T. Ligonzo, T. Lin, J. Liu, K. Liu, M. X. Liu, K. Livingston, N. Liyanage, T. Ljubičić, O. Long, N. S. Lukow, Y. Ma, J. Mammei, F. Mammoliti, Kiminad A. Mamo, I. Mandjavidze, S. Maple, D. Marchand, A. Margotti, C. Markert, P. Markowitz, Tom Marshall, A. Martin, H. Marukyan, A. Mastroserio, S. Mathew, S. Mayilyan, C. Mayri, Matthew McEneaney, Yuan Mei, L. Meng, F. Méot, J. Metcalfe, Z.-E. Meziani, P. Mihir, Ryan Milton, A. Mirabella, M. Mirazita, A. Mkrtchyan, H. Mkrtchyan, B. Mohanty, M. M. Mondal, A. Morreale, A. Movsisyan, D. Muenstermann, Asmita Mukherjee, C. Muñoz Camacho, M. Murray, Hamza Mustafa, M. Myška, Benjamin Nachman, K. Nagai, R. Naik, J. P. Naim, J. D. Nam, B. K. Nandi, E. Nappi, Md. Nasim, D. Neff, D. Neiret, P. R. Newman, M. Nguyen, Silvia Niccolai, M. Nie, F. Noferini, J. Norman, F. Noto, A. S. Nunes, Timothy E. O’Connor, G. Odyniec, В. А. Окороков, M. Osipenko, B. S. Page, C. Palatchi, David Palmer, P. Palni, S. Pandey, D. Panzieri, S. Park, K. Paschke, C. Pastore, Rajendra Nath Patra, Arpon Paul, Sebouh J. Paul, C. Pecar, A. Peck, Ian L. Pegg, C. Pellegrino, C. Peng, L. Pentchev, R. Perrino, K. Piotrzkowski, Tomas Polakovic, M. Płoskoń, M. Posik, Sidharth Kumar Prasad, R. Preghenella, S. Priens, Enea Prifti, M. Przybycień, P. R. Pujahari, A. Quintero, Marco Radici, S. K. Radhakrishnan, Syeda Rahman, S. Rathi, B. A. Raue, R. Reed, P. E. Reimer, J. Reinhold, E. Renner, L. P. Rignanese, M. Ripani, A. Rizzo, D. Romanov, A. Roy, N. Rubini, Marta Ruspa, F. Sabatié, S. Sadhukhan, N. R. Sahoo, P. K. Sahu, Deepak Samuel, D. Sarkar, M. Sarsour, W. B. Schmidke, Barak Schmookler, Christopher G. Schwarz, J. Schwiening, M. B. C. Scott, I. Sedgwick, M. Segreti, S. J. Sekula, R. Seto, N. Shah, A. Shahinyan, D. Sharma, N. Sharma, E. P. Sichtermann, Andrea Signori, A. Singh, B. K. Singh, Shubham Singh, N. Smirnov, D. Sokhan, R. A. Soltz, W. E. Sondheim, S. Spinali, F. Stacchi, R. Staszewski, P. S. Stepanov, S. Strazzi, Izabela Stroe, X. Sun, B. Surrow, Z. W. Sweger, T. J. M. Symons, V. Tadevosyan, Z. Tang, E. ̃Tassi, L. Teodorescu, F. Tessarotto, D. Thomas, J. H. Thomas, T. Toll, L. Tomášek, F. Torales-Acosta, P. Tribedy, Triloki Triloki, V. K. Tripathi, R. Trotta, M. Trzebiński, B. A. Trzeciak, O. D. Tsai, Z. Tu, R. Turrisi, C. Tuvé, T. Ullrich, G. M. Urciuoli, A. Valentini, S. Vallarino, M. Vandenbroucke, J. Vanek, Gioacchino Vino, G. Volpe, H. Voskanyan, A. Vossen, E. Voutier, G. Wang, Y. Wang, D. P. Watts, N. Wickramaarachchi, F. F. Wilson, C.-P. Wong, X. Wu, Y. Wu, Jian Xie, Qing‐Hua Xu, Z. Xu, Z.W. Xu, C. Yang, Q. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, Z. Ye, L. Yi, Zhongbao Yin, M. Yurov, N. Zachariou, J. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Y. Zhao, Ye Zhao, Z. Zhao, L. Zheng, M. Źurek
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
Bibliographic record
VenueJournal of Instrumentation · 2022
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicParticle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Canadian institutionsMount Allison UniversityUniversity of Manitoba
FundersLos Alamos National LaboratoryArgonne National LaboratoryLaboratory Directed Research and DevelopmentNuclear PhysicsGSI Helmholtzzentrum für SchwerionenforschungRIKENDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronThomas Jefferson National Accelerator FacilityNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaOffice of the President, University of CaliforniaUniversity of California, Los AngelesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesUniversity of California, DavisStony Brook UniversityHomi Bhabha National InstituteCompute CanadaIndian Institute of Technology IndoreNational Research Nuclear University MEPhINational Cheng Kung UniversityUniversité Paris-SaclayNational Energy Research Scientific Computing CenterMinistero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione InternazionaleCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueIndian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliUniversità degli Studi di PaviaAkademie Věd České RepublikyIndian Institute of Technology MadrasIndian Institute of Technology, PatnaSouth China Normal UniversityRice UniversityGrantová Agentura České RepublikyMinisterstvo Školství, Mládeže a TělovýchovyLehigh UniversityEuropean CommissionUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaCentral University of Tamil NaduSouthern Methodist UniversityUniversità degli Studi di FoggiaFlorida Institute of TechnologyFudan UniversityUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaCERNNational Science FoundationTemple UniversityKent State UniversityNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaYale UniversityShandong UniversityU.S. Department of EnergyWorcester Polytechnic InstituteOld Dominion UniversityUniversità degli Studi di Roma Tor VergataLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryTsinghua UniversityChinese Academy of SciencesFlorida State UniversityGoa UniversityMalaviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurMount Allison UniversityScience and Technology Facilities CouncilUniversity of GlasgowStrongLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryUniversidad de Buenos AiresGeorgia State UniversityOffice of ScienceNational Institute of Science Education and ResearchFlorida International UniversityWayne State UniversityMississippi State University
KeywordsDetectorColliderTracking (education)PhysicsLarge Hadron ColliderElectronNuclear physicsParticle physicsOptics
Abstract
Abstract ATHENA has been designed as a general purpose detector capable of delivering the full scientific scope of the Electron-Ion Collider. Careful technology choices provide fine tracking and momentum resolution, high performance electromagnetic and hadronic calorimetry, hadron identification over a wide kinematic range, and near-complete hermeticity. This article describes the detector design and its expected performance in the most relevant physics channels. It includes an evaluation of detector technology choices, the technical challenges to realizing the detector and the R&D required to meet those challenges.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.009
Threshold uncertainty score0.464
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.261
Teacher spread0.253 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itQuick stats
Citations35
Published2022
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes