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ATHENA detector proposal — a totally hermetic electron nucleus apparatus proposed for IP6 at the Electron-Ion Collider
J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, N. Agrawal, C. Aidala, W. Akers, M. Alekseev, Mazi Allen, F. Ameli, A. Angerami, P. Antonioli, N. Apadula, A. Aprahamian, W. Armstrong, M. Arratia, J. Arrington, A. Asaturyan, E. C. Aschenauer, K. Augsten, S. Aune, K.A. Bailey, C. Baldanza, M. Bansal, Fernando Barbosa, L. Barion, K. N. Barish, M. Battaglieri, A. Bazilevsky, N. K. Behera, В. В. Бердников, J. C. Bernauer, C. Berriaud, A. Bhasin, D. S. Bhattacharya, J. Bielčík, J. Bielčíková, Chiara Bissolotti, W. B. Li, M. Bondí, M. Borri, F. Bossù, F. Bouyjou, J. D. Brandenburg, A. Bressan, M. L. Brooks, S. Bültmann, Duane Byer, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Valerio Calvelli, A. Camsonne, Laura Cappelli, M. Capua, M. Castro, D. Cavazza, D. Cebra, A. Celentano, I. Chakaberia, B. K. Chan, W. C. Chang, M. Chartier, C. Chatterjee, D. Chen, Jianmin Chen, Kai Chen, Z. Chen, H. Chetri, T. Chiarusi, M. Chiosso, X. Chu, J. J. Chwastowski, G. Cicala, E. Cisbani, E. Cline, Ian C. Cloët, D. Colella, M. Contalbrigo, G. Contin, R. Corliss, Y. Corrales-Morales, J. Crafts, Chris Crawford, R. Cruz-Torres, D. D’Ago, A. D’Angelo, N. d’Hose, John Dainton, S. Dalla Torre, S. Dasgupta, S. Dash, N. Dashyan, J. Datta, M. Daugherity, R. De Vita, W. Deconinck, M. Defurne, K. Dehmelt, A. Del Dotto, Filippo Delcarro, G. Dellacasa, Z. S. Demiroglu, G. Deptuch, Vaishnavi Desai, A. Deshpande, Kyle Christian Devereaux, R. Dhillon, R. Di Salvo, C. Dilks, Dhruv Utpalkumar Dixit, S. Dobbs, X. Dong, J. L. Drachenberg, A. Drees, R. Dupré, Matthew Durham, R. Dzhygadlo, L. El Fassi, D. Elia, E. Epple, R. Esha, O. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, D. Falchieri, W. Fan, A. Fantini, S. Fazio, S. Fegan, A. Filippi, H. Fox, A. Francisco, A. Freeze, S. Furletov, Yulia Furletova, C. Gal, Stephanie Gardner, P. Garg, D. Gaskell, K. Gates, Michael Gericke, F. J. M. Geurts, C. Ghosh, Marco Giacalone, F. Giacomini, S. Gilchrist, D. I. Glazier, K. Gnanvo, L. Gonella, L. Greiner, N. Guerrini, L. Guo, A. Gupta, R. Gupta, W. Guryn, X. He, T. K. Hemmick, S. Heppelmann, D. W. Higinbotham, Malak Hoballah, A. Hoghmrtsyan, M. Hohlmann, T. Horn, D. Hornidge, H. Z. Huang, C. E. Hyde-Wright, P. Iapozzuto, M. Idzik, B. Jacak, M. B. Jadhav, Shilpi Jain, C. Jena, A. Jentsch, Y. Ji, Z. Ji, J. Jia, Peter G. Jones, R. W. I. Jones, S. Joosten, S. Joshi, M. L. Kabir, G. Kalicy, G. Karyan, Vipul Kashyap, D. Kawall, H. W. Ke, M. Kelsey, Jungho Kim, J. Kiryluk, A. Kiselev, H. T. Klest, V. Kochar, W. Korsch, L. K. Kosarzewski, A.M. Kotzinian, F. Křížek, Arun Kumar, K.S. Kumar, L. Kumar, R. Kumar, S. Kumar, A. Kunnath, Nilay Kushawaha, R. Lacey, Y. S. Lai, K. Lalwani, J. M. Landgraf, L. Lanza, D. Lattuada, Merrick Lavinsky, J. H. Lee, S.H. Lee, R. C. Lemmon, A. Lestone, N. Lewis, H. Li, S. Li, W. Li, W. Li, Peiyu Li, X. Li, T. Ligonzo, T. Lin, J. Liu, K. Liu, M. X. Liu, K. Livingston, N. Liyanage, T. Ljubičić, O. Long, N. S. Lukow, Y. Ma, J. Mammei, F. Mammoliti, Kiminad A. Mamo, I. Mandjavidze, S. Maple, D. Marchand, A. Margotti, C. Markert, P. Markowitz, Tom Marshall, A. Martin, H. Marukyan, A. Mastroserio, S. Mathew, S. Mayilyan, C. Mayri, Matthew McEneaney, Yuan Mei, L. Meng, F. Méot, J. Metcalfe, Z.-E. Meziani, P. Mihir, Ryan Milton, A. Mirabella, M. Mirazita, A. Mkrtchyan, H. Mkrtchyan, B. Mohanty, M. M. Mondal, A. Morreale, A. Movsisyan, D. Muenstermann, Asmita Mukherjee, C. Muñoz Camacho, M. Murray, Hamza Mustafa, M. Myška, Benjamin Nachman, K. Nagai, R. Naik, J. P. Naim, J. D. Nam, B. K. Nandi, E. Nappi, Md. Nasim, D. Neff, D. Neiret, P. R. Newman, M. Nguyen, Silvia Niccolai, M. Nie, F. Noferini, J. Norman, F. Noto, A. S. Nunes, Timothy E. O’Connor, G. Odyniec, В. А. Окороков, M. Osipenko, B. S. Page, C. Palatchi, David Palmer, P. Palni, S. Pandey, D. Panzieri, S. Park, K. Paschke, C. Pastore, Rajendra Nath Patra, Arpon Paul, Sebouh J. Paul, C. Pecar, A. Peck, Ian L. Pegg, C. Pellegrino, C. Peng, L. Pentchev, R. Perrino, K. Piotrzkowski, Tomas Polakovic, M. Płoskoń, M. Posik, Sidharth Kumar Prasad, R. Preghenella, S. Priens, Enea Prifti, M. Przybycień, P. R. Pujahari, A. Quintero, Marco Radici, S. K. Radhakrishnan, Syeda Rahman, S. Rathi, B. A. Raue, R. Reed, P. E. Reimer, J. Reinhold, E. Renner, L. P. Rignanese, M. Ripani, A. Rizzo, D. Romanov, A. Roy, N. Rubini, Marta Ruspa, F. Sabatié, S. Sadhukhan, N. R. Sahoo, P. K. Sahu, Deepak Samuel, D. Sarkar, M. Sarsour, W. B. Schmidke, Barak Schmookler, Christopher G. Schwarz, J. Schwiening, M. B. C. Scott, I. Sedgwick, M. Segreti, S. J. Sekula, R. Seto, N. Shah, A. Shahinyan, D. Sharma, N. Sharma, E. P. Sichtermann, Andrea Signori, A. Singh, B. K. Singh, Shubham Singh, N. Smirnov, D. Sokhan, R. A. Soltz, W. E. Sondheim, S. Spinali, F. Stacchi, R. Staszewski, P. S. Stepanov, S. Strazzi, Izabela Stroe, X. Sun, B. Surrow, Z. W. Sweger, T. J. M. Symons, V. Tadevosyan, Z. Tang, E. ̃Tassi, L. Teodorescu, F. Tessarotto, D. Thomas, J. H. Thomas, T. Toll, L. Tomášek, F. Torales-Acosta, P. Tribedy, Triloki Triloki, V. K. Tripathi, R. Trotta, M. Trzebiński, B. A. Trzeciak, O. D. Tsai, Z. Tu, R. Turrisi, C. Tuvé, T. Ullrich, G. M. Urciuoli, A. Valentini, S. Vallarino, M. Vandenbroucke, J. Vanek, Gioacchino Vino, G. Volpe, H. Voskanyan, A. Vossen, E. Voutier, G. Wang, Y. Wang, D. P. Watts, N. Wickramaarachchi, F. F. Wilson, C.-P. Wong, X. Wu, Y. Wu, Jian Xie, Qing‐Hua Xu, Z. Xu, Z.W. Xu, C. Yang, Q. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, Z. Ye, L. Yi, Zhongbao Yin, M. Yurov, N. Zachariou, J. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Y. Zhao, Ye Zhao, Z. Zhao, L. Zheng, M. Źurek
Bibliographic record
VenueJournal of Instrumentation · 2022
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicParticle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Canadian institutionsMount Allison UniversityUniversity of Manitoba
FundersLos Alamos National LaboratoryArgonne National LaboratoryLaboratory Directed Research and DevelopmentNuclear PhysicsGSI Helmholtzzentrum für SchwerionenforschungRIKENDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronThomas Jefferson National Accelerator FacilityNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaOffice of the President, University of CaliforniaUniversity of California, Los AngelesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesUniversity of California, DavisStony Brook UniversityHomi Bhabha National InstituteCompute CanadaIndian Institute of Technology IndoreNational Research Nuclear University MEPhINational Cheng Kung UniversityUniversité Paris-SaclayNational Energy Research Scientific Computing CenterMinistero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione InternazionaleCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueIndian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliUniversità degli Studi di PaviaAkademie Věd České RepublikyIndian Institute of Technology MadrasIndian Institute of Technology, PatnaSouth China Normal UniversityRice UniversityGrantová Agentura České RepublikyMinisterstvo Školství, Mládeže a TělovýchovyLehigh UniversityEuropean CommissionUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaCentral University of Tamil NaduSouthern Methodist UniversityUniversità degli Studi di FoggiaFlorida Institute of TechnologyFudan UniversityUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaCERNNational Science FoundationTemple UniversityKent State UniversityNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaYale UniversityShandong UniversityU.S. Department of EnergyWorcester Polytechnic InstituteOld Dominion UniversityUniversità degli Studi di Roma Tor VergataLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryTsinghua UniversityChinese Academy of SciencesFlorida State UniversityGoa UniversityMalaviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurMount Allison UniversityScience and Technology Facilities CouncilUniversity of GlasgowStrongLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryUniversidad de Buenos AiresGeorgia State UniversityOffice of ScienceNational Institute of Science Education and ResearchFlorida International UniversityWayne State UniversityMississippi State University
KeywordsDetectorColliderTracking (education)PhysicsLarge Hadron ColliderElectronNuclear physicsParticle physicsOptics
Abstract
Abstract ATHENA has been designed as a general purpose detector capable of delivering the full scientific scope of the Electron-Ion Collider. Careful technology choices provide fine tracking and momentum resolution, high performance electromagnetic and hadronic calorimetry, hadron identification over a wide kinematic range, and near-complete hermeticity. This article describes the detector design and its expected performance in the most relevant physics channels. It includes an evaluation of detector technology choices, the technical challenges to realizing the detector and the R&D required to meet those challenges.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: Methods
Teacher disagreement score0.008
Threshold uncertainty score0.028
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.261
Teacher spread0.253 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreMethods
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
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Citations35
Published2022
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes