Bibliographic record
Abstract
We create our own benchmark with various combinations of compilers, linkers, target ISAs, and compiler options. Our benchmark is created by compiling three source packages totaling 122 executable programs as follows. • GNU coreutils (v8.30): 107 executable programs • GNU binutils (v2.31.1): 15 executable programs. We consider all possible combinations of the following configurations in order to produce assembly files and binaries with diverse assembly expression patterns. • ISA: x86 and x86-64 • Compilers: GCC v7.5.0 and Clang v12.0 • Linkers: GNU ld v2.30 and GNU gold v1.15 • PIE/non-PIE: produce a PIE or a non-PIE • Optimization: -O0, -O1, -O2, -O3, -Os, and -Ofast
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.040 | 0.171 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.016 | 0.048 |
| Open science | 0.014 | 0.015 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.012 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.024 | 0.018 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".