Titrimetric‐comparable <scp>BN</scp> results determined for in‐service lubricants using quantitative <scp>FTIR</scp> spectroscopy
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A new stoichiometric FTIR Base Number (BN) method of significant utility and analytical benefit to the tribology sector has been developed, providing ASTM D4739‐comparable BN results in lieu of titration in a fraction of the time. Thirty‐six new/in‐service oils analysed by both methods were linearly related with a between‐method accuracy of ~±1.0 BN and a within‐FTIR method reproducibility of ~±0.50 BN. Acid pK a differences and the comparative similarity of the FTIR results to HCl titration are discussed, including analytical benefits. It provides a rapid means of producing quality ASTM‐comparable results, taking ~1 min/sample for spectral analysis versus 30–40 min for potentiometric titration. Method protocols are best suited to an open architecture FTIR accessory but can be readily adapted to flow cell equipped FTIRs. As structured, ASTM‐like results are obtained rapidly with a major analytical environmental/maintenance footprint reduction, being ideally suited for in‐service lubricant or research labs analysing 20–50 samples/day.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.016 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it