Intra-articular Injection of Bone Marrow Concentrate for Treatment of Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis: Preliminary Results Utilizing an Ultrasound-Guided Marrow Harvesting Technique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of intra-articular injection of bone marrow concentrate (BMC) under ultrasound (US) guidance in the treatment of patellofemoral osteoarthritis (OA), with clinical and volumetric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging follow-up. METHODS: This retrospective study included 96 consecutive patients referred for US-guided intra-articular injection of BMC for symptomatic patellofemoral OA for which conservative treatment had failed. A control group of 21 patients with symptomatic patellofemoral OA was included for comparison. Data on International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores as well as volumetric MR imaging (using T2 mapping sequence) were collected before and 12 months after injection, and the results were compared. RESULTS: No technical adverse events were noted during bone marrow aspiration, BMC preparation, or intra-articular injection of BMC. No clinical adverse events were reported during long-term follow-up. All mean scores improved between baseline and 12 months after intra-articular injection of BMC (VAS 5.5 to 3.6, P < .0001; WOMAC 36.8 to 22.2, P < .0001; and IKDC 41.8 to 58.2, P < .0001). MR imaging at 1 year of follow-up after BMC treatment showed no statistically significant difference in hyaline cartilage volume compared with that at the baseline (P = .690), suggesting stabilization of the cartilage degradation process. In contrast, the group of untreated patients showed a significant decrease in the cartilage volume (P = .001), corresponding to a cartilage loss of 6.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that intra-articular injection of BMC under US guidance could be a promising option for the treatment of symptomatic patellofemoral OA and could promote the preservation of healthy residual cartilage volume.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".