On the Thermodynamics of Hydrogen Adsorption at Pt Electrodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In the mid 1960th–early 1970th, A. Frumkin and O. Petrii investigated the adsorption of hydrogen at a platinized platinum electrode surface performing measurement of a change in the hydronium ion concentration when the large surface area electrode was immersed into an electrolyte solution at the fixed potentials in the hydrogen adsorption region under equilibrium conditions. The depletion (or increase) of the hydronium ions in the electrolyte bulk corresponded to the amount of hydrogen ions adsorbed at the electrode surface. They derived an equation relating the amounts of adsorbed hydrogen (atoms and ions) to the change of surface energy. A several decades later Guelph–Alicante team employed the Gibbs–Duhem equation to determine the amount of hydrogen atoms adsorbed at a small Pt single crystal electrode from the measurement of the total charge at the Pt surface. This paper compares the thermodynamic basis of the two types of measurements and demonstrates that despite differences between the nature of the two experiments their thermodynamic foundations are equivalent.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".