Halide Perovskites for Direct Conversion Megavoltage X‐Ray Detectors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Megavoltage (MV) X‐ray detectors used in cancer treatment either suffer from low sensitivity (scintillators) or prohibitively high cost (direct conversion). Here solution‐processed direct‐conversion MV X‐ray detectors are demonstrated based on halide perovskites. The authors’ prototype devices show a sensitivity of ≈0.7 µC Gyair−1 cm–2, high photon‐to‐carrier conversion efficiency of 42 500%, and a signal‐to‐noise ratio of ≈1750 to 6 MV X‐ray beam of a medical linear accelerator. The detector shows a contrast of over −1.5% per cm of solid water, comparable to state‐of‐art commercial gadolinium oxysulfide (GOS) MV X‐ray scintillators. This work demonstrates the first prototype of low‐cost and efficient direct‐conversion MV X‐ray detectors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".