EXPLORING THE LEVEL OF STUDENTS’ SELF-EFFICACY IN SPEAKING CLASS
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Exploring the level of the students’ self-efficacy toward their speaking ability is the grand design of this study. The participants of this study were 28 non-native students from the suburban area in West Borneo. Those students belong to the third semester of the speaking class. In collecting the data, they were given a questionnaire. An in-depth interview was also conducted with 3 prominent students to validate and triangulate the represented data in the questionnaire result. Adopting Bandura’s theory, the results of this study show that the students manifested slightly high self-efficacy in the magnitude dimension, slightly high self-efficacy in the generality dimension, and very high self-efficacy in the strength dimension. In addition, the in-depth interview affirms that the students’ level in magnitude is influenced by their educational background; the students’ level in generality is affected by their interests in their particular field, and the student's level of strength is determined by their strong belief.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it