Stress-Crack Resistance and Life Prediction of Corrugated Recycled and Virgin HDPE Pipes Used in Road Drainage Systems in Quebec, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The design service life of 100 years is an essential requirement for modern corrugated high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe grades used in road drainage systems. Whether the recycled pipes guarantee performance and can be substituted for virgin pipes is also an issue in the process of being clarified. Furthermore, the variety of area characteristics and the specific serving conditions of the pipes significantly affect pipe service life. Therefore, the University of Sherbrooke and the Quebec Ministry of Transportation (MTQ) recently collaborated to conduct a project on the long-term performance of recycled and virgin HDPE pipes supplied by local manufacturers. This project included investigating stress-crack resistance (SCR) and predicting the service life of new corrugated HDPE pipes fabricated by Canadian manufacturers as well as corrugated HDPE pipes in field service in Quebec under natural aging. Notched specimens were cut directly from the HDPE pipe liner to evaluate their SCR. In addition, four exposure conditions were used: freeze–thaw cycles and exposure to saline, acidic, and alkaline solutions to predict the remaining lifetime of pipes. The SCR was investigated with the Florida test method in water at 3.10 MPa (450 psi) and 80°C, 4.48 MPa (650 psi) and 80°C, and 4.48 MPa and 70°C in compliance with FM 5-573. The data points at elevated temperatures were then shifted to predict the service life of pipes at lower service conditions with the Popelar’s shift method (PSM) and the rate process method (RPM), both of which are extrapolation methods. The results show that, before immersion in different solutions, the recycled could guarantee 100 years of service life as virgin pipes under service conditions of 10°C and 3.45 MPa (500 psi). After immersion, the decrease in SCR was related to the two steps of elevated temperature in the conditioned test and the Florida test, along with the harsh environment of the conditioned test. Moreover, RPM proved better than PSM, because the latter yielded nearly scattered, nonlinear data points.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".