Experimental investigation of supercontinuum generation in a birefringence tellurite microstructured optical fiber
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A four-hole birefringence tellurite microstructured optical fiber (BTMOF) was designed and fabricated based on <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>76</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>.5</mml:mn> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">T</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace"/> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace"/> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>6</mml:mn> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">n</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi> <mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace"/> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace"/> <mml:mn>11</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">L</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace"/> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace"/> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>6</mml:mn> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> glass, and its core (slow and fast axes were) measured to be approximately 4.74 µm and 4.29 µm, respectively. The experimentally measured results demonstrated that the maximum supercontinuum (SC) spectra extended from <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>914.1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">n</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>1885.1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">n</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> when the polarization state of the pump pulse was parallel to the fast axis at 1400 nm with an average power of 460 mW. We performed numerical simulations based on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which support the experimentally measured results. The SC generation in birefringent silica microstructured fiber with the same geometric parameters was simulated, and the results showed that the enhanced nonlinear refractive index of the BTMOF yielded a spectrum with a significantly larger bandwidth. Furthermore, the two polarization states along the fast axis and slow axis exhibit different dispersion characteristics, which provide a convenient way of tuning the properties of the generated SC. This work highlights BTMOF as a promising platform for the development of a SC light source, which can be widely used in food quality inspection, early cancer diagnostics, gas sensing, and high-spatial-resolution imaging.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".