The contribution of health behaviours to waist circumference change following employment transitions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Mechanisms through which retirement and later-life job loss lead to subsequent weight change are poorly understood, and include changes to one’s health behaviours (HBs) after employment changes. Our study assessed the potential role of HBs in the impact of employment transitions (ET) on waist circumference (WC), by gender. Methods We used two waves of survey data from a Canadian sample of 45- to 85-year-olds with objectively measured WC. For 10,117 participants who were working at baseline, we categorized them into three ET statuses: stayed working, entered retirement, and stopped working. Changes in HBs [sleep, smoking, drinking, and physical activity (PA)] were coded by comparing baseline and follow-up responses. Change in WC was analyzed using multivariable linear regression and multinomial logistic regression models (≥5% gain or loss, no change). Results Multivariable models showed that the addition of change in HBs did not alter the effect sizes of ETs on WC change. Regardless of ET status, women who quit smoking had an increased WC compared to persistent non-smokers (1.43cm, 95% Confidence Interval 0.07 - 2.79). Women who became habitual drinkers showed more increases in WC compared to non-habitual drinkers (1.43cm, 0.16 - 2.69). Changes to sleep duration were not associated with WC change; however, women who became satisfied with their sleep had greater WC increases compared to already satisfied sleepers (0.79cm, 0.12 - 1.46). Men who increased their PA by > 1hr to 2hrs were less likely to gain ≥5% weight compared to men with no PA change (OR = 0.75, 0.57 - 0.99). Women who increased their PA by > 1hr to 2hrs were less likely to lose ≥5% weight (OR = 0.74, 0.56 - 0.99). Conclusions Our study of this Canadian cohort of middle-aged and older adults suggests some HBs are independent risk factors for weight change rather than mechanisms in the employment-anthropometry relationship. Key messages • Health behaviour changes in middle-aged and older adults have anthropometric effects that differ by sex/gender, independent of employment transitions. • Promotion of persistently good sleep quality to women may help maintain waist size.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".