Multiscale modeling in the framework of biological systems and its potential for spaceflight biology studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A central tenet of systems biology is that biological systems are greater than the sum of their component parts. Spaceflight is associated with hazards including radiation exposure and microgravity which impact different echelons of biological organizations spanning molecular, cellular, organ, and organismal levels. These insults lead to physical damage, including muscle and bone loss, neurological damage, and impaired immunity. Mitochondrial dysfunction and biological alterations occurring during spaceflight have been reported. The health challenges presented by long-term space travel must be addressed and appropriate countermeasures developed to protect astronauts. Increasing quantity of multiomics data are being generated from cells and model organisms flown in space, with physiological data from astronauts. Systems biology approaches leveraging mathematical reasoning and computational modeling are required to characterize these components in a holistic fashion. In this review, we provide an historic perspective on multiscale biological systems modeling, followed by a discussion on its utility for spaceflight biology research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".